Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Sexism and Gender Binary Issues in the Bible (a two week series)




I. Introduction/Welcome Back
Anne: Tonight, we continue our conversation about masculinity, femininity, and our faith. We will attempt to climb this mountain, to have a discussion and to address it seriously.
Cody: We will strive to have compassion for voices other than our own, even if we do not understand what is being said, and we will try to recognize our own voices might cause harm to others. For we are a community of faith based in the redeeming love of Jesus the Christ.
Both: And with that, our journey continues…

II. Experience

Anne: I’m five! I like adventure stories and running outside and playing in the dirt! When I play pretend, I like to be the hero!
Cody: Girls shouldn’t play in the dirt.
Anne: Well I do.
Cody: Girls should play inside with Barbie Dolls. Girls can’t be heroes anyway.
Anne: I don’t like Barbie Dolls. They’re stupid, and I’m not. I’m strong!
Cody: Only boys are strong. That’s why boys are always the heroes in your favorite stories.
Anne: I’m fourteen. I don’t wear make up. I don’t like dresses. I do like my long hair… But I’m not a good liar, so I still can’t pretend to be weak. In fact, I’m trying to show how strong I am by being kind of violent. I can’t stop yelling at people sometimes. But I don’t like that either.
Cody: Just be a girl!
Anne: I just said I’m a terrible liar. I’m just not the girl you want me to be!
Cody: Then you’re not a girl! You’re dyke! Butch!
Anne: I am so a girl! I’m just… odd?
Cody: Freak.
Anne: I’m twenty. I’m still a freak, but I’m beginning to like myself this way. Dresses are nice every once and a while, but I really haven’t changed much.
Cody: And you got rid of your one redeeming feature, your long hair. You’re not even trying to be a girl! Look around you, real women have long hair and wear make-up and eat salads and have better grades and volunteer more and cuss less and don’t meditate and you are a—

Both: Freak…
Cody: I’m five.  I’m tired of toy trucks.  I want to play house.
Anne: Boys most definitely don’t play “house.”  They play with Legos and ride on bikes and make a mess in the dirt. Sometimes they even eat worms.
Cody: I like cooking, but I don’t want to eat worms. That’s gross. If we can’t play house, can we play store? I’ll go grocery shopping, and –
Anne: Just stick with the stuff in the boys toy aisle, ok? Look, let’s get you a G.I. Joe.
Cody: I’m 15. I don’t understand why I can’t wear this shirt.
Anne: Guys are supposed to wear ties, polos, letterman jackets. And that color is, well, off. Guys don’t wear that color… unless…
Cody: Unless what? I think lavender is a perfectly fine color.
Anne: Never mind. Just put on this blue shirt instead.
Cody: I’m 21. I thought about medical school, but nursing just sounds so much more enjoyable. I love working with the patients and every day is different –
Anne: Do you understand what’s going to happen if you become a nurse? You’ll be a joke! Don’t be [a girl! Don’t be –]
BOTH.e A FREAK

Both: Do we see the problem here?

III. Reason

Cody: Our society and many others have long operated on the assumption that there are two kinds of people in this world: There are women; There are men. Two, only two. A binary, a dichotomy. Two balanced forces, forever opposite and, in a perverse way, “balanced.” When one is violent, the other is passive. When one is emotional, the other is stoic. Lustful versus Sexual “Purity.” Rational versus Emotional. Bread-winning versus Caregiving. And as we explored last Sunday: When one is powerful, the other is weak.
Anne: This society belief in a binary is called genderism.
Of course, we’ve hidden from the fact that these boxes have been challenged for a long time. In Western history in particular, we have King Henry III of France, who frequently cross-dressed and was addressed as “her majesty” by the royal courtiers.
Cody: Joan of Arc wore men’s armor into battle, dressed as a boy behind enemy lines, and kept her hair cut short during the Hundred Years War in Europe; a political enemy had her burned at the stake for her habits of dress (after the War the Church would condemn the trial that resulted in her death, too late).
Anne: In 1654, Queen Christina of Sweden abdicated the throne, dressed in men’s clothing, and took the name Count Dohna. And of course, the 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York were ignited by the actions of Sylvia Rivera, a transwoman. Also, did you know that in 1975 Minneapolis adopted the first local antidiscrimination law protecting transgender people?
The binary has long been challenged, and now it is beginning to wear thin. Where there used to be solid walls defining two genders, now there appears to be plastic wrap. Things are looking blurry, yet so often we continue to keep ourselves locked in. Defined rules are breaking, and gender roles are spilling over. Truth is, the more we look around, the less “masculine” and “feminine” fit into these boxes. Truth is, the more we live into this century, the less so-called “feminine” traits seem to oppose so-called “masculine” traits. More and more people don’t seem to fit into either box quite right. Their gender is more fluid, less stereotype-able, and God they are fantastic!
But not everyone sees it that way.
Cody: It’s scary seeing things change so fast. The thing about a dichotomy—on which a hierarchy is based—is that there are those who are used to being on top in that hierarchy, and there are those who gain prominence by fulfilling the dichotomy’s expectations. They are not going to see challenges to those structures in a favorable way.
Anne: "The horror of [...] prejudice,” states Dorothy Allison (a famous writer and a self-identified lesbian femme), “is that some people begin to think that the security of their families and communities depends on the oppression of others, that for some to have good lives there must be others whose lives are short and brutal."
Both: It’s a filthy lie, our Christ teaches us… But repeat a lie enough, and it begins to sound like truth. It begins to sound like a good enough reason to gossip, to bully, to insult, to attack those who don’t fit in the box.

IV. Scripture

Cody: The second story of the creation of humanity in Genesis[1] has long been used to promote a gender binary, the roles associated with those two genders, and the supposedly superior role of one gender over another. Anne: Now I’m going to resist the temptation to do equally inappropriate exegesis—that is, that Eve was obviously the culmination of all God’s creative work and obviously that makes the female the best—and instead point out a teeny little tidbit that we don’t often pay attention to in English translations of the ancient Hebrew text. In Hebrew, adam is how you say human. Now granted, for a long time we’ve treated “man” as the equivalent to “human,” and English translations have reflected that, but adam nonetheless means “human.” In Hebrew, the word for earth, dust, dirt, ground, that’s adamah. As in the human one comes from the earth. And then Adam meets someone… and stops calling himself adam.
Eve isn’t the word used in Hebrew; it’s not even a transliteration. Honestly, I’m not entirely sure how we English-speakers named her when the Bible was first being translated into the vernacular. Not the point. The second human is called ishshah, which came to mean wife and woman. But when the first human meets the second human, adam says, “This one shall be called ishshah, for out of ish this one was taken.” The name adam is not used, and in fact it will rarely be used to refer to an individual human being ever again in the Hebrew texts. You see, adam is more than simply “human.” I lied before. Adam means “humanity.” The first human, ish, is part of adam, and now that there’s another human, ishshah, they are both humanity. They are both, together, adam, God’s creation from the earth. They are in this new venture together, partners.[2]
Cody: Now, the ancient Israelites did interpret these two to be the first male and female. Let’s be frank: The fact that there were two humans in the creation story fits well with what they knew of human physiology; personally, I don’t hold this against them. I can’t really bring myself to judge them based on my own scientific standards.
Both: But that does change how I come to the text. It adds nuance to how I lead my life in response to the scripture. Gender doesn’t seem quite as clearly defined to me in the world I live in or in the Bible I read. The sacredness of relationship, whatever our genders, is emphasized instead.
That brings us to Paul.
Cody: Last week we talked about how knowing the original Greek changes how we think about his epistles a lot, so we’re not going to cover that tonight. Instead, hear again these words that were once used for the baptism of the earliest Christians:
Anne: “There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus.”[3] Maybe Paul was writing this as someone ahead of his time. Maybe he was describing the vision of the kingdom of God. Maybe Paul was prophesying without even realizing it.[4] I don’t know. But I think I know what the point was.
Both: Everyone has strengths, weaknesses, talents, gifts, needs, and failures within a community. Gender is not the point here. A person, no matter their gender identity, can be both caring and strong, empathetic and powerful, caring and ambitious.
Anne: This is not to say gender identity is unimportant; like all our identities, your gender identity helps inform who you are, what choices you make, the experiences you have, etc. It’s a part of you that cannot be withdrawn from your everyday life, let alone your faith. And the fact remains that we have created systems of power around gender that abuse all participants, willing or otherwise.
Both: But that’s something we created, not God. God created us to be in relationship, to love and be loved as human beings, not because we succeed or fail to live into some arbitrary requirements for your “type” of human. We are called to be in this together.

V. Tradition

Cody: Of course, if you think that’s how the Church has been running its committee meetings for the last couple millennia, you’ve probably been living under a rock. There really is no way to make Church history look pretty when it comes to welcoming a mosaic of gender identities.
Anne: It didn’t take long for the newly institutional church to force women, self-identified or otherwise, into subservience, treating people as sub-human creatures. In fact, the years between 150 and 500 CE are considered so counter to equality of sexes and recognition of a breadth of genders, it is called the “Patristic” Age.[5] The boxes defining the gender roles that we are most familiar with in a Western context were first being constructed during this time period. With Christianity in the pocket of the Empire, our religion played a major part in created the institutions and cultures that have since caused irrevocable destruction and pain to uncountable members of humanity. Remember Joan of Arc? Harm is still being done because of what they started.
Both: Nowadays, the idea that there is more to gender than “man” and “woman” seems new, fresh, challenging, dangerous even. It’s always been there, that grand universe of gender-bender stuff. Perhaps God has been trying to tell us that all along. But we’ve only just tasted a bit of its magnificence. Time to chart a new course, an ancient course.

VI. Conclusion

Anne: We are flawed creatures, us humans.
Cody: Obviously; we are pretty sure folks from all across the spectrum of Christianity have good (and less good) reasons to criticize this very sermon series we’ve subjected you lot to.
Both: Yet Jesus the Christ calls us toward inclusion, relationship, and love based on equality and respect, using his ministry, his life, his death, and his resurrection as an example. God in her majesty did this. We’ve started the conversation, at the very least. And as you would know if you’ve ever had to write an essay, it’s the starting that is the hardest bit.
In a way, Christ has shown us the way already. Let’s be honest, Jesus broke the rules. The followers of the Way, that early religious movement, they broke the rules. Probably in fits and starts, and again filled with all of that imperfection humanity is. We are here to tell you tonight that it is time to break the rules and break the boxes with understanding, clear intent, and faith. Challenge the power structure that is sexism. Challenge the ostracism that is genderism. And have faith that despite all our many flaws, God’s glory will out. With our spiritual ancestors as our foundation, have the conversations, and chart a new course. Let us strive to follow our God. Because we’re all in this together.



[1] There are two, ask questions later if this is a surprise.
[2] http://skipmoen.com/2013/02/15/switch/
[3] Gal 3:28
[4] Caolyn Osiek, ‘Galatians,’ from The Women’s Bible Commentary, edited by Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe (SPCK, 1992). 192-193.
[5] As in you don’t get much more patriarchy then this.

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